How to assimilate hitherto inaccessible information in environmental sciences?

Nowadays, the concept of information is so ubiquitous that is simply unavoidable. We live in the Information Age. Behind the Information Age (also called the Computer Age) there is the idea that access to and control of information is the defining characteristic of this current era in human civilization. However, the Information Age is not only technological, because its essence is in a better understanding and impact on practically every process in Nature. Information can be defined as the pattern of the organization of mass and energy. In this sense, information is also part of Environmental Sciences and Environmental Fluid Mechanics, where many phenomena involve flows of mass and energy. This review paper investigates the relationship between information and environmental sciences in their pathways. In that sense, we will consider the following issues: (i) physicality and abstractness of information, (ii) concept of information, (iii) the metaphysics of chance (probability) and (iv) if no event is registered - what information can be derived from this? Some examples, such as the tossing of a square cubical dice and the synthesis of flevorium element, are presented to discuss the above issues.