Keywords
sidoarjo mud volcano, mud flows, modelling, hazards mapping
Start Date
1-7-2008 12:00 AM
Abstract
The Sidoarjo mud flow flooded the part of the Porong area, Indonesia, surrounded by the set of the quickly constructed dams. The objective of the study was quantification of the risks imposed by the mud volcano towards the ECCO Indonesia factory site due to dam breaks and dam overtopping. The distance between the northern dike surrounding the volcano and the PT ECCO is at 4.3 km. This territory is crossed by many small rivers. The two- dimensional numerical model COASTOX_MUD has been developed for modeling of the variable density mud flow. The model is based on the system of four nonlinear partial differential equations using two components description of mud flow as non-Newtonian fluid. The model also has a simplified version which considers mud flow as one-component fluid with an averaged density , i.e. it is based on the system of three shallow water equations used by Laigle and Coussot [1997] and in other previous studies. The two component version of the model has supplementary benefits compared to single component models as it can simulate mud dilution induced by the rivers as they are traversed by the mud flow. The two component version of the COASTOX_MUD was used in the study by incorporating the specific weight of the water–sediment mixture and mud viscosity received from on-site sampling and laboratory measurements. The simulation for the dam breaks scenarios and the mud flow conditions of the summer 2007 shows insignificant risk of the factory site flooding by the mud flow due to the dam breaks.
Modelling of the Risks of the Sidoarjo Mud Flow, Indonesia
The Sidoarjo mud flow flooded the part of the Porong area, Indonesia, surrounded by the set of the quickly constructed dams. The objective of the study was quantification of the risks imposed by the mud volcano towards the ECCO Indonesia factory site due to dam breaks and dam overtopping. The distance between the northern dike surrounding the volcano and the PT ECCO is at 4.3 km. This territory is crossed by many small rivers. The two- dimensional numerical model COASTOX_MUD has been developed for modeling of the variable density mud flow. The model is based on the system of four nonlinear partial differential equations using two components description of mud flow as non-Newtonian fluid. The model also has a simplified version which considers mud flow as one-component fluid with an averaged density , i.e. it is based on the system of three shallow water equations used by Laigle and Coussot [1997] and in other previous studies. The two component version of the model has supplementary benefits compared to single component models as it can simulate mud dilution induced by the rivers as they are traversed by the mud flow. The two component version of the COASTOX_MUD was used in the study by incorporating the specific weight of the water–sediment mixture and mud viscosity received from on-site sampling and laboratory measurements. The simulation for the dam breaks scenarios and the mud flow conditions of the summer 2007 shows insignificant risk of the factory site flooding by the mud flow due to the dam breaks.
