Keywords
employment, energy, kyoto protocol
Start Date
1-7-2004 12:00 AM
Abstract
This paper considers the causal relationship between employment, energy consumption and economic growth using a range of different approaches. The study finds long-run neutrality in energy consumption, except for electricity and oil consumption where there is evidence of uni-directional linkages from electricity consumption to employment and from oil consumption to employment. We also found that there is uni-directional link from real GDP growth to employment. These conclusions are robust across the different methodologies and have implications of environmental and energy issues including the Kyoto Protocol.
Energy Consumption, Employment and the Kyoto Protocol in New Zealand: Searching for Causality
This paper considers the causal relationship between employment, energy consumption and economic growth using a range of different approaches. The study finds long-run neutrality in energy consumption, except for electricity and oil consumption where there is evidence of uni-directional linkages from electricity consumption to employment and from oil consumption to employment. We also found that there is uni-directional link from real GDP growth to employment. These conclusions are robust across the different methodologies and have implications of environmental and energy issues including the Kyoto Protocol.
