Keywords

molten salts, metal chlorides, metal oxides, reference electrode, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, chronopotentiometry

Abstract

The development of stable and buffered reference electrodes (REs) is crucial for molten salt electrochemistry, particularly in pyrochemical processing, such as electrorefining. These REs must maintain a stable potential to ensure precise control over electrorefining processes by preventing unwanted shifts in the potential that could lead to impurity deposition. This study evaluated metal chlorides and metal oxides as potential candidates for REs, with their stability assessed via electrochemical methods over extended durations. While metal chloride-based REs exhibited stable potential behavior over time, their response followed the Nernst equation, leading to potential shifts with varying concentrations of oxidized species. Metal oxide-based REs were explored to address the need for both stability and concentration-independent potential. These REs demonstrated the ability to maintain a constant potential regardless of concentration changes. The introduction of this metal oxide-based RE presents a promising advancement for use in binary chloride molten salts, offering robust, stable performance in electrorefining applications, particularly in the electrorefining of plutonium within equimolar sodium chloride and potassium chloride (NaCl-KCl) molten salt systems.

Original Publication Citation

Carlos Mejia, Nicholas Christensen, Ricardo Rodriguez Ceron, Devin Rappleye, Development of a stable and buffered reference electrode for binary molten chlorides salts, Electrochimica Acta, Volume 512, 2025, 145496, ISSN 0013-4686, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145496.

Document Type

Peer-Reviewed Article

Publication Date

2024-12-09

Publisher

Electrochimica Acta

Language

English

College

Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering

Department

Chemical Engineering

University Standing at Time of Publication

Assistant Professor

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