Keywords

online teacher development, teacher preparation, instructional change, PICRAT framework, student engagement, 4E framework

Abstract

Teacher preparation programs have been slow to prepare teachers for the online environment, leaving many online teachers needing to learn on the job. However, little research has examined how online teachers grow as educators. One way to better understand this growth is to examine the changes online teachers make in their instruction and their rationales for making them. In this qualitative case study, we surveyed online teachers three times during an academic year regarding their instructional changes. Participants described these changes and categorized them on a modified PICRAT matrix to indicate if the changes made student learning more passive, interactive, or creative (PIC) and whether the changes replaced, amplified, or transformed previous activities (RAT). Teachers then provided a rationale for making their changes and shared perceived impacts. The majority described changes amplified learning activities or made learning activities more interactive. Using the 4E framework (enable, engage, extend, and elevate) we found that the provided rationales focused largely on increasing learners’ affective, behavioral, and/or cognitive engagement. Teachers perceived these changes to be largely successful in having their intended impact.

Original Publication Citation

Borup, J., Velasquez, R. Q., Graham, C. R., Archambault, L., & Kimmons, R. (2022). Incremental improvements: Examining instructional changes and rationales of K-12 online teachers using the PICRAT and 4E frameworks. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 30(4), 431–459. Retrieved from https://www.learntechlib.org/p/221531

Document Type

Peer-Reviewed Article

Publication Date

2022

Publisher

ournal of Technology and Teacher Education

Language

English

College

David O. McKay School of Education

Department

Instructional Psychology and Technology

University Standing at Time of Publication

Full Professor

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