Keywords

out-of-class L2 use and proficiency gains, extended ESL learning outcomes, language-use behaviors predicting improvement

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between out-of-class L2 use and proficiency gains in learners of English as a second language (ESL) in an intensive English language program. In contrast to previous studies on this topic, which have found weak, non-existent or even inverse relationships between outof- class language experience and L2 proficiency gains, this study took place over a longer period of time (31 weeks), involved a larger number of participants (61 ESL learners from 12 different language backgrounds at four proficiency levels), and found a statistically significant connection between out-ofclass language use and proficiency gains. Participants took a proficiency pre-test and post-test and responded to a questionnaire designed to elicit information about out-of-class language use. In addition, six learners participated in semi-structured interviews. Data obtained from the questionnaire and interviews were compared to gains in proficiency between the pre-test and post-test. The results corroborate the “common sense” connection between L2 out-of-class use and proficiency development. They also identify the types of out-of-class language use that are most strongly connected with L2 proficiency gains.

Original Publication Citation

Baker, W., Cundick, D., Evans, N., Henrichsen, L., & Dewey, D. P. (2012). Relationship between reported out-of-class English use and proficiency gains in English. Applied Language Learning, 22, 21-45. http://www.dliflc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ALL_v_22.pdf

Document Type

Peer-Reviewed Article

Publication Date

2012

Publisher

Applied Language Learning

Language

English

College

Humanities

Department

Linguistics

University Standing at Time of Publication

Full Professor

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Linguistics Commons

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