Title (Spanish)
Estudio de los niveles de produccion pecuaria en tres comunidades bajas perifericas al canton Riobamba
Abstract
This study was done by administering household surveys to 50% of the families in the three communities. Families were selected through stratified random sampling. This allowed us to determine how much families are exploiting species that have a significant level of production as well as whether they use them for a commercial activity or subsistence. With regard to cows, 60.40 ± 4.72% of families use them. Each family has an average of 1.68 ± 0.21 cows. Productive cows make up 36.9% of the above percentage, which is a majority. The measured rate of production was 6.48 ± 0.25 L/cow/day. Overall, 40.16 ± 3.17% of production was used for household consumption while the rest was sold. These parameters as well as the sale of live animals helped San Nicolas have an annual income of 735 US dollars, which shows that this community relies more on commercial activity. On the other hand, San Clemente and San Francisco had annual incomes of 367 and 279 US dollars respectively. This shows that these communities focus more on familial subsistence. Of the major species, sheep are the least exploited with 54.80 ± 8.74% of families using them. The first lambing occurs at 17.79 ± 0.48 months. Newborns are weaned at 5.57 ± 0.11 months by only 27.27 ± 4.47% of families. Of the weaned newborns, 60.69 ± 5.13% are kept and the rest are sold. Every 10.46 ± 0.47 months, 77.96% of the wool produced is sold. Generally, the sheep are sol d at 22.84 ± 1.75 months of age. This generates an average annual income of 40.85 ± 19.26 US dollars, which indicates that this activity is focused on familial subsistence. Swine production is the most common form of animal production. Pigs are exploited by 81.86 ± 7.17% of families with each family having an average of 2.11 ± 0.16 animals. A sow’s first delivery occurs at 16.48 ± 0.48 months and their productive life comes after reproducing 1.98 ± 0.15 times. Each litter has 5.72 ± 0.19 offspring with a post-weaning mortality rate of 28.99 ± 4.82%. Offspring are weaned at 2.90 ± 0.12 months. Overall, 65.13% of the weaned offspring are kept and the rest are sold. Annual revenue from pig production is 63.2 ± 22.46 US dollars which indicates it is used for familial subsistence, acting as a safeguard against economic emergencies at times. Of the minor species, the guinea pig is the most exploited. It is used by 86.11 ± 3.65% of families with each family having an average of 12.04 ± 1.31 guinea pigs. The mothers have an average of 2.44 ± 0.06 offspring per litter with a weaning rate of 75.81 ± 4.33%. Overall, 86.91% of production is used for family consumption and the rest is sold. The annual income generated by this activity is 6.24 ± 0.51 US dollars which indicates that this is an activity dedicated to providing food for the family. Rabbits are used by 49.42 ± 5.23% of families, each having an average of 4.03 ± 0.64 animals. There is an average of 6.57 ± 0.29 newborns per litter with a weaning rate of 41.16 ± 5.20%. Overall, 80.18 ± 4.16% of production is used for family consumption. This activity is similar to guinea pig production seeing as the annual income it generates is only 12.80 ± 1.10 US dollars. Chickens are exploited by 77.33 ± 4.39% of families with each family having an average of 5.88 ± 0.60 animals. Broiler chickens make up 48.22% of the poultry population with the rest being made up of native and field hens. Overall, 68.96% of broiler chickens are used for family consumption while 89.31 ± 3.27% of hens are used for family consumption. The annual income from this activity is 40.13 ± 19.24 US dollars. This makes it appear to have a slight tendency toward commercial use. We conclude that the three communities have different levels of animal exploitation. San Nicolas was the most successful of the three, partially using their livestock production for commercial purposes. San Clemente used part of theirs for commercial purposes as well, but on a lower scale. San Francisco, on the other hand, focuses their livestock production solely on familial subsistence. We recommend that a study be conducted regarding all points involved in the feasibility of production projects in these communities, especially in regard to the organization in each community. This will help improve production levels and make way for a change from a subsistence based economy to a more commercially based economy, ultimately improving the social and nutritional levels of these families.
Abstract (Spanish)
Esta investigación fué efectuada mediante la aplicación de encuestas a familias que abarcaron el 50% del universo, seleccionadas mediante un muestreo aleatorio estratificado; lo que nos permitió determinar el nivel de explotación zootécnica familiar en aquellas especies que denotan significancia productiva, enmarcándolas dentro de una actividad comercial o de sustento. Dentro de la explotación bovina el 60.40 ± 4.27% de familias lo disponen con un promedio de 1.68 ± 0.21 bovinos /familia, dentro del cual las vacas productivas están en mayor presencia con un 36.9% de la población total; la producción se registró en 6.48 ± 0.25 litros/vaca/día, de esta se destina el 40.16 ± 3.17% para el consumo familiar y el resto a la venta; estos parámetros más las ventas de los animales en pie determinaron que San Nicolás tenga un ingreso anual de 735 dólares USA, pudiéndose manifestar que aquí se desarrolla una actividad comercial, a diferencia de San Clemente y San Francisco quienes perciben 367 y 279 dólares USA respectivamente que más bien es una actividad de sustento familiar. La especie ovina es la menos explotada dentro de las especies mayores y deficiente manejo, el 54.80 ± 8.74% de familias disponen de esta especie. El primer parto de las ovejas ocurre a los 17.79 ± 0.48 meses; las crías son destetadas a los 5.57 ± 0.11 meses por apenas el 27.27 ± 4.47% de familias, el 60.69 ± 5.13% de las crías destetadas son conservadas y el resto son vendidos; cosechan 2.64 ± 0.10 libras de lana cada 10.46 ± 0.47 meses, el 77.96% de la lana es vendida; los animales son vendidos generalmente a los 22.84 ± 1.75 meses. Por este concepto genera un ingreso económico promedio anual de 40.85 ± 19.26 dólares USA, lo que determina que esta es una actividad de apoyo para el sostén familiar. La producción porcina es la más divulgada y mejor manejadas, las explotan el 81.86 ± 7.17% de familias con un promedio de 2.11 ± 0.16 animales/familia. El primer parto de la cerda ocurre a los 16.48 ± 0.48 meses, su vida útil llega a los 1.98 ± 0.15 partos; con tamaño de la camada al nacimiento de 5.72 ± 0.19 crías y una mortalidad al destete del 28.99 ± 4.82%; el destete es realizado a los 2.90 ± 0.12 meses; el 65.13% de las crías destetadas se conservan y el resto son vendido. Los ingresos anuales por este concepto es de 63.2 ± 22.46 dólares USA que igualmente denota una actividad de sustento familiar salvando emergencias económicas en ciertos momentos. Dentro de las especies menores el cuy es la más explotada, disponen el 86.11 ± 3.65% de familias con un promedio de 12.04 ± 1.31 animales/familia; las madres tienen un promedio de 2.44 ± 0.06 crías la parto con un destete del 75.81 ± 4.33%. El 86.91% de la producción se destina para el consumo familiar y el resto para la venta. El ingreso que reciben por esta actividad es de 6.24 ± 0.51 dólares USA anuales, lo que permite afirmar que esta es una actividad dedicada a proveer alimento para la familia. La cunicultura es dedicada por el 49.42 ± 5.23% de las familias con un promedio de 4.03 ± 0.64 animales/familia; se tiene 6.57 ± 0.29 crías al parto con un 41.16 ± 5.20% de destete; el 80.18 ± 4.16% de la producción se destina para el consumo familiar. Esta actividad es de igual caracterización que la cuyícola, pués apenas perciben 12.80 ± 1.10 dólares USA anuales por esta actividad. El 77.33 ± 4.39% de familias explotan pollos con un promedio de 5.88 ± 0.60 animales/familia; el 48.22% de la población avícola son pollos broilers y el resto son gallinas criollas o de camp; para el consumo familiar se destinan un 68.96% de la producción para el caso de broilers, y para gallinas criollas el 89.31 ± 3.27%. Los ingresos que perciben por esta actividad son de 40.13 ± 19.24 dólares USA anuales, enfocando que esta es una actividad con ligera tenencia comercial. Se concluye que las tres comunidades tienen diferenciados sus niveles de explotación pecuaria; es así que San Nicolás, la mejor de todas, se caracteriza por tener una actividad pecuaria con parcial sentido comercial; San Clemente en menor escala que la anterior; y, San Francisco desarrolla exclusivamente una economía pecuaria de sustento incluyendo su disponibilidad como alimento para la familia Se recomienda realizar un estudio sobre todos los puntos que implican en la factibilidad de proyectos productivos dentro de estas comunidades especialmente sobre su organización comunitaria, para de esta manera mejorar los niveles productivos y dar paso de una economía de sustento a una economía pecuaria con sentido comercial mejorando los niveles sociales y nutricionales de estas familias.
Degree
MS
College and Department
Life Sciences; Plant and Wildlife Sciences
Rights
http://lib.byu.edu/about/copyright/
BYU ScholarsArchive Citation
Nuñez Lopez, Raul Rolando, "Study of livestock production levels in three communities near the city of Riobamba" (1997). Theses and Dissertations. 5409.
https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5409
Date Submitted
1997
Document Type
Thesis
Handle
http://hdl.lib.byu.edu/1877/etdm869
First Advisor
José Pazmiño
Second Advisor
Freddy Proaño
Third Advisor
Edgar Hernández
Fourth Advisor
Miltón Oritz Terán
Keywords
Livestock, cattle, sheep, swine, guinea pigs, rabbits, poultry, Ecuador
Language
Spanish
Copyright Status
Licensed from Raul Rolando Nuñnez Lopez, 1997
Additional Information
Thesis (Ing. Zootecnista)--Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias. Escuela de Ingeniería Zootécnica, 1997
Coverage
Riobamba (Ecuador)