Title (Spanish)

Diagnóstico de la producción pecuaria en tres comunidades (Tunshi San Javier, San Antonio y María Auxiliadora) pertenecientes al sistema de riego Chambo-Guano

Abstract

During 43 weeks three communities belonging to the Chambo-Guano irrigation system (María Auxiliadora, San Antonio, and Tunshi San Javier) were studied. Each family had 0.662 ± 0.149 producing cows, 0.115 ± 0.048 dry cows, 0.381 ± 0.095 heifers, 0.252 ± 0.068 young bulls, 0.158 ± 0.052 bulls, and 0.568 ± 0.096 calves. The age at first mounting (21.696 ± 9.28 months) showed that the cows enter reproduction late. Of the cows, 71.94 ± 5.26% were of household varieties. To feed them, alfalfa was used at 79.86 ± 4.5%, undergrowth 56.83 ± 5.62%, corn stalks 48.2 ± 6.02%, kikuyu 19.42 ± 4.63%, crop aftermaths 18.71 ± 4.29%, zig-zig 17.27%, agave 9.35 ± 3.5%, ray grass (8.63 ± 2.98), banana waste 8.63 ± 3.28%, and oats 2.88 ± 1.96%. There were 280 ± 85.27 mother sheep, 64 ± 33.697 male reproducers, 174 ± 54.62 young sheep, and 198 ± 65.76 lambs. The age at first mounting was 18.45 ± 9.55 months and time between shearings was 12.62 ± 2.91 months with a production of 7.46 ± 3.99 pounds of wool. 53.24 ± 5.82% of the sheep were household breeds. As sources of food there were underbrush (46.04 ± 5.79%), pasturing (41.73 ± 5.77%), alfalfa (25.9 ± 5.25%), crop aftermaths (12.95 ± 3.99%), ray grass (5.76 ± 2.64%), and corn stalks (5.04 ± 2.65%). There were 672 ± 310.302 pigs. The age at first birthing was 18.108 ± 1.153 months with 8.237 ± 0.713 piglets per birthing, with only 5.536 ± 0.472 weaned at an age of 2.419 ± 0.156 months. As a food source, there was underbrush (56.12 ± 5.94%), banana waste (51.8 ± 5.85%), kitchen scraps (48.2 ± 5.95%), crop aftermaths (38.85 ± 5.26%), bran (28.06 ± 5.37%), alfalfa (26.62 ± 5.19%), and quiquyo (4.32 ± 2.33%). The guinea pig population was 3608 ± 683.653 with 2.52 ± 0.1 young per birthing. Outstanding food sources were alfalfa (79.86 ± 4.74%), chilca (34.53 ± 5.72%), underbrush (24.46 ± 5.18%), and kitchen scraps (11.51 ± 3.77%). The bird population was 1140 ± 226.856 animals. The majority are household chickens (47.48 ± 11.79%) used for egg production. Predominating foods were dried corn (72.66 ± 5.26%), barley (35.97 ± 5.62%), and wheat (1.44 ± 1.40%). The communities studied tend toward using bovine milk production. Even when the cows have low reproduction rates, they have important levels of milk production. The number of calves per birth could be adequate, but the levels of weaning are low. In guinea pigs and birds there were not any precarious forms of tenancy; possibly there are family property forms. It is recommended that the study be deepened in order to establish the influence of irrigation water, implement profitable programs of exploitation, and establish plans to help forward ecological tourism.

Abstract (Spanish)

Durante 43 semanas se estudió a tres comunidades pertenecientes al sistema de riego Chambo - Guano (María Auxiliadora, San Antonio y Tunshi San Javier). Cada familia disponía 0.662 ± 0.149 vacas en producción; 0.115 ± 0.048 vacas secas, 0.381 ± 0.095 vaconas, 0.252 ± 0.068 toretes, 0.158 ± 0.052 toros y 0.568 ± 0.096 terneros. La edad a la primera monta (21.696 ± 9.28 meses), determinó que las vacas entraron tarde a la reproducción. El 71.94 ± 5.26% de los bovinos fueron criollos. Para alimentación bovina se utilizaba alfalfa con 79.86 ± 4.5%; malezas 56.83 ± 5.62%; tallos de maíz 48.2 ± 6.02%; kikuyo 19.42 ± 4.63%; residuos de cosechas 18.71 ± 4.29%; zig - zig 17.27; cabuya (9.35 ± 3.5%), ray grass (8.63 ± 2.98), rechazo de banano (8.63 ± 3.28%) y avena (2.88 ± 1.96). Existieron 280 ± 85.27 ovejas madres, 64 ± 33.697 machos reproductores, 174 ± 54.62 maltones y 198 ± 65.76 corderos. La edad a la primera monta fue de 18.45 ± 9.55 meses y el intervalo entre esquilas fue de 12.62 ± 2.91 meses con una producción de 7.46 ± 3.99 libras de lana. El 53.24 ± 5.82% de los ovinos existentes corresponden a animales criollos. Entre las fuentes alimenticias se encuentran las malezas (46.04 ± 5.79%), pastoreo (41.73 ± 5.77%), alfalfa (25.9 ± 5.25%), residuos de cosechas (12.95 ± 3.99%), ray grass (5.76 ± 2.64%) y tallos de maíz (5.04 ± 2.65%). Existieron 672 ±.310.302 cerdos. La edad al primer parto fue a los 18.108 ± 1.153 meses con 8.237 ± 0.713 lechones por parto, destetando únicamente 5.536 ± 0.472 lechones a una edad de 2.419 ± 0.156 meses. Fueron fuentes de alimentación las malezas (56.12 ± 5.94%), rechazo de banano (51.8 ± 5.85%), residuos de cocina (48.2 ± 5.95%) y de cosechas (38.85 ± 5.26%), afrecho o polvillo (28.06 ± 5.37%), alfalfa (26.62 ± 5.19%) y quiquyo (4.32 ± 2.33%). La población de cuyes fue 3608 ± 683.653 con 2.52 ± 0.1 crías por parto. En la alimentación destaca la alfalfa (79.86 ± 4.74%), chilca (34.53 ± 5.72%), malezas (24.46 ± 5.18%) y desperdicios de la cocina (11.51 ± 3.77%). La población de aves fue de 1140 ± 226.856 animales. La mayoría de ellas son gallinas criollas (47.48 ± 11.79%) destinadas a la producción de huevos. Predominó en la alimentación el maíz duro (72.66 ± 5.26%), cebada (35.97 ± 5.62%) y trigo (1.44 ± 1.40%). Se concluyó que las comunidades estudiadas tendrían tendencia hacia la explotación bovina lechera. Aun cuando los bovinos presentan características reproductivas bajas, obtienen niveles importantes de producción láctea. El número de lechones por parto puede ser adecuado pero los niveles de destete son bajos. En cuyes y aves no existió formas precarias de tenencia y posiblemente existan formas familiares de propiedad. Se recomendó profundizar el estudio para establecer la influencia del agua de riego; emprender en programas rentables de explotación; y, establecer planes de impulso al turismo ecológico.

Degree

MS

College and Department

Life Sciences; Plant and Wildlife Sciences

Rights

http://lib.byu.edu/about/copyright/

Date Submitted

1997

Document Type

Thesis

Handle

http://hdl.lib.byu.edu/1877/etdm863

First Advisor

Jose M. Pazmiño G.

Second Advisor

Fredy Proaño Ortiz

Third Advisor

Vicente Trujillo Villacís

Fourth Advisor

Edgar Hernández

Keywords

Domestic animals, Ecuador, Chimborazo

Language

Spanish

Additional Information

Thesis (Ing. Zootecnista)--Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias. Escuela de Ingeniería Zootécnica, 1997

Coverage

Riobamba (Ecuador)

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