Abstract

Chukar (Alectoris chukar) are a non-native bird that has naturalized in North America following its introduction over a century ago. Today, the species supports hunting opportunities in 11 U.S. states and one Canadian province. Despite its wide distribution and recreational value, key aspects of chukar ecology remain poorly understood. Limited information is available on the species' spatial ecology, including patterns of space use. Likewise, information regarding the influence of weather on population dynamics of chukar has not been formally conducted. As part of our investigation, we evaluated the space use of chukar in western Utah, USA utilizing GPS transmitters (Chapter 1). We found that home ranges occupied by chukar within our study were estimated to be larger than previous research conducted with VHF transmitters. Our findings demonstrated that chukar exhibit migratory behaviors, migrating both latitudinally and altitudinally. In addition to investigating the spatial ecology of chukar, we compiled a dataset across Utah, Idaho, and Nevada, USA to analyze the effects of weather on the population dynamics of chukar (Chapter 2). We found evidence that chukar densities were positively correlated to precipitation but negatively correlated to the average snow depth over a winter period. Chukar production was positively influenced by warmer springs, warmer winters, and wetter summers. Finally, the harvest of chukar within an area was positively correlated with temperatures from the winter preceding a hunting season. Overall, we estimate that chukar populations will be highest when precipitation is high due to increased food items and improved concealment from vegetation. Warmer winter and spring periods presumably had a positive influence due to lower metabolic requirements and less risk of embryos being damaged by cold temperatures. The relationship with chukar populations and snow was complex; negative influences may have arisen when periods of snow cover were extensive and inhibited access to food items but increases in snow that melts quickly could recharge soil moisture, leading to better nest and brood concealment as well as improved quality of food items.

Degree

College and Department

Life Sciences; Plant and Wildlife Sciences

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