•  
  •  
 

Abstract

In 1959, the plant community and abiotic environment of three 2.2-ha Chihuahuan Desert plots were studied in Big Bend National Park, Texas. In 2019 and 2020, we continued the study of these plots using the same methods with the goal of evaluating the long-term trends in the perennial plant communities of 3 different habitats within the park. Our study assessed species composition, density, and ground cover, which were compared with the same parameters reported from 1959. At a rocky site in the foothills of the Chisos Mountains, plant density decreased during the 61 years of the study (1959–2020) but remained high compared with the other sites. Many of the perennial plant species persisted, but the relative proportions of some species had changed over time. Another study plot was situated on a gently sloping alluvial fan at Panther Junction. Plant density and ground cover increased substantially on this desert pavement habitat. Much of the increased density can be attributed to grasses, particularly Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana), an exotic invasive species likely introduced as a result of human activity surrounding the nearby park headquarters at Panther Junction. A third plot was a level sandy habitat on Tornillo Flat. The density and species composition of the plant community at Tornillo Flat were remarkably stable between the 1959 and 2019 surveys. Factors likely affecting the plant community at the 3 plots include periodic drought, invasive species, fire, climate change, and secondary succession following past overgrazing of livestock that ended with the establishment of the national park in 1944.


En 1959, se estudió la comunidad vegetal y el entorno abiótico de tres parcelas de 2.2 ha del Desierto Chihuahuense en el Parque Nacional de Big Bend, Texas. En 2019 y 2020, continuamos el estudio utilizando los mismos métodos con el objetivo de evaluar las tendencias a largo plazo en las comunidades de plantas perennes de tres hábitats diferentes dentro del Parque. Nuestro estudio evaluó la composición de las especies, la densidad y la cobertura del suelo, y comparó dichos parámetros con los registrados en 1959. En un lugar rocoso de las estribaciones de las montañas Chisos, la densidad de las plantas disminuyó durante los 61 años del estudio (1959–2020) pero se mantuvo alta en comparación con los otros lugares. Muchas de las especies de plantas perennes persistieron, no obstante, las proporciones relativas de algunas especies han cambiado con el tiempo. Otra parcela de estudio fue situada en un abanico aluvial de pendiente suave en Panther Junction. La densidad de las plantas y la cobertura del suelo aumentaron sustancialmente en este hábitat de pavimento desértico. Gran parte del aumento de la densidad se puede atribuir a las gramíneas, en particular a la hierba Eragrostis lehmanniana, una especie exótica invasora probablemente introducida como resultado de la actividad humana en torno a la cercana sede del parque en Panther Junction. Una tercera parcela se ubicó en un hábitat arenoso llano en Tornillo Flat. La densidad y la composición de especies de la comunidad vegetal se mantuvieron notablemente estables entre los muestreos de 1959 y 2019. Entre los factores que probablemente afectan a la comunidad vegetal en las tres parcelas se incluyen la sequía periódica, las especies invasoras, el fuego, el cambio climático y la sucesión secundaria tras el sobrepastoreo del ganado en el pasado, que terminó con el establecimiento del parque nacional en 1944.

83.4.8 Supplementary Material 1.pdf (1430 kB)
Spinner used for randomizing and defining the sample quadrants.

83.4.8 Supplementary Material 2.pdf (143 kB)
Frequency, density, and relative dominance of all perennial species surveyed on 3 plots in Big Bend National Park in December 2019 and 2020, compared with data from 1959.

83.4.8 Supplementary Material 3.pdf (101 kB)
Density, height, basal area, and relative dominance of overstory perennial species surveyed on the Nugent Mountain plot, December 2020, compared with data from 1959 (Porter 1962, 2011).

83.4.8 Supplementary Material 4.pdf (23 kB)
Density, height, basal area, and relative dominance of understory perennial species surveyed on the Nugent Mountain plot, December 2020, compared with data from 1959 (Porter 1962, 2011).

83.4.8 Supplementary Material 5.pdf (3837 kB)
Percent species composition of perennial plants on the Nugent Mountain plot in 1959 and 2020.

83.4.8 Supplementary Material 6.pdf (82 kB)
Density, height, basal area, and relative dominance of overstory perennial species surveyed on the Panther Junction plot, December 2019, compared with data from 1959 (Porter 1962, 2011).

83.4.8 Supplementary Material 7.pdf (67 kB)
Density, height, basal area, and relative dominance of understory perennial species surveyed on the Panther Junction plot, December 2019, compared with data from 1959 (Porter 1962, 2011).

83.4.8 Supplementary Material 8.pdf (4211 kB)
Percent species composition of perennial plants on the Panther Junction plot in 1959 and 2019.

83.4.8 Supplementary Material 9.pdf (71 kB)
Density, height, basal area, and relative dominance of overstory perennial species surveyed on the Tornillo Flat plot, December 2019, compared with data from 1959 (Porter 1962, 2011).

83.4.8 Supplementary Material 10.pdf (62 kB)
Density, height, basal area, and relative dominance of understory 522 WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST (2023), VOL. 83 NO. 4, PAGES 508–524 perennial species surveyed on the Tornillo Flat plot, December 2019, compared with data from 1959 (Porter 1962, 2011).

83.4.8 Supplementary Material 11.pdf (764 kB)
Percent species composition of perennial plants on the Tornillo Flat plot in 1959 and 2019.

Share

COinS