Author Date

2024-02-27

Degree Name

Department

Neuroscience

College

Life Sciences

Defense Date

2024-02-27

Publication Date

2024-03-15

First Faculty Advisor

Michael R. Stark, Ph.D.

First Faculty Reader

Stefania R. Ashby, Ph.D.

Honors Coordinator

Rebekka Matheson, M.D.

Keywords

neural tube defects, isothiocyanate, oxidative stress, Moringa oleifera, Nrf2, ceramide

Abstract

Neural tube defects (NTDs), including anencephaly and spina bifida, contribute significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the widespread implementation of folic acid (FA) supplementation, its ineffectiveness in certain genetic populations, alongside the persistent prevalence of NTDs, underscores the need for alternative preventative strategies. This study investigates the potential of isopropyl isothiocyanate (IPI), a compound derived from Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera), in mitigating NTDs through the modulation of oxidative stress pathways. Using the chick embryo model, we aimed to determine whether IPI significantly reduces the incidence of chemically-induced NTDs by activating the Nrf2 cofactor, a key regulator of cellular response to oxidative stress. Here we report data supporting this hypothesis, suggesting that IPI could offer a novel, naturally derived alternative to FA supplementation for NTD prevention. Further research is warranted to know whether IPI and M. oleifera are valid alternatives for FA, particularly in regions with limited access to medical resources and in populations with FA-resistant genetic variants. This study contributes to the broader field of developmental biology by highlighting the importance of oxidative stress regulation in embryonic development and the potential of plant-derived compounds in preventing congenital defects.