Keywords

simulation training, search and rescue, first responders, patient care, disaster management

Abstract

Background: Medical first responders play a critical role in disaster management. However, volunteer clinical training and practical experience vary widely. Medical first responders are often deployed to remote disaster sites where they provide initial patient care. This project aimed to improve the knowledge, skills, and confidence of medical first responders to improve the quality of patient care.

Methods: Simulation training was conducted with the Utah County Search and Rescue medical response team. Participants were divided into three groups, each completing the 45-minute simulation consisting of pre-brief, simulation scenario, and debrief. This simulation training emphasized group communication, scene safety, patient safety, airway protection, patient assessment, medication administration, and basic procedural skills.

To evaluate the effectiveness of the simulations, the Simulation Effectiveness Tool - Modified (SET-M) and pre- and post-knowledge assessments were administered. Survey data were analyzed to evaluate the simulation training effectiveness.

Results: Pre-simulation knowledge scores M = 83.8% (SD = 17.31) and post-simulation knowledge scores were M = 83.8% (SD = 16.10); t(7) = 0.00, p = 1.00. Mean ratings for all SET-M survey subsections were 2.0 or higher, with standard deviations ranging from 0 to 0.48. Several implementation barriers were identified, including variation in skill level, volunteer status, and limited resources.

Conclusion: Although medical first responders possess baseline knowledge, they often lack confidence in applying skills during real emergencies. Regular, realistic simulation training can bridge this gap, reinforcing both competence and confidence.

Document Type

Peer-Reviewed Article

Publication Date

2026-04-29

Language

English

College

Nursing

Department

Nursing

University Standing at Time of Publication

Graduate Student

Available for download on Sunday, April 30, 2028

Included in

Nursing Commons

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