Keywords

sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors, cost-benefit analysis, glycemic control, renal insufficiency, cardiovascular system

Abstract

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly prevalent, highlighting the need for effective and accessible treatment options. This review evaluates the efficacy, cardiovascular and renal benefits, and cost-effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors.

Review of Literature: To better understand the cost and efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors, clinicians should first consider the pathophysiology, benefits, and other prescriber considerations.

Search Method: Systematic literature searches were conducted between January and November 2025 using PubMed, CINAHL, and MEDLINE. Current retail medication prices were obtained primarily from GoodRx or CostPlus Drug Company.

Results: SGLT2 inhibitors lower HgA1C while also reducing body weight and systolic blood pressure, providing cardiovascular protection, and slowing chronic kidney disease progression. Five SGLT2 inhibitors are approved for treatment of T2DM: bexagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and ertugliflozin.  

Discussion: To determine which SGLT2 inhibitor to prescribe, clinicians should compare cost with metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal benefits.

Implications for Practice: Bexagliflozin is the least expensive option. Canagliflozin offers the greatest HbA1C reduction, empagliflozin has the strongest cardiovascular benefits, and all SGLT2 inhibitors provide renal benefits.

Conclusion: SGLT2 inhibitors are foundational in evidence-based T2DM management, offering glycemic, cardiovascular, and renal benefits. Selection should be individualized based on patient comorbidities, renal function, affordability, and tolerability.

Document Type

Peer-Reviewed Article

Publication Date

2026-04-16

Language

English

College

Nursing

Department

Nursing

University Standing at Time of Publication

Graduate Student

Course

NURS 698R

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