Keywords

three basic psychological needs, need satisfaction, employee performance, employee well-being

Abstract

Most business organizations understand that employees are an essential part of their success and as such, much research has gone into understanding the most effective ways of eliciting favorable employee outcomes. The self-determination theory (SDT) is one result of the extensive research that has been done on the topic. SDT suggests a relationship between positive employee outcomes and the satisfaction of employees’ three basic psychological needs (TBPN): autonomy, competence, and relatedness. This literature review was undertaken to examine empirical studies that have researched the ways psychological needs are satisfied, and the effects of the TBPN on employee outcomes in the workplace. It was concluded that satisfaction of the TBPN occurs most frequently in employee-supportive organizations and leadership. Additionally, the research has also indicated that need satisfaction occurs in employees that focus on mindfulness and positivity. Results from these studies also showed a strong relationship between the TBPN and increased employee performance, well-being, and job satisfaction. While limitations were present due to the use of surveys and limited demographics, overall, the literature reviewed herein shows that the satisfaction of the TBPN indeed influences employee outcomes in the workplace.