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Family Perspectives

Abstract

Paternity leave remains limited in the United States, with relatively few fathers granted paid time off following the birth of a child. This literature review examines how paternity leave shapes marital relationships by influencing parental mental health and couple communication during the transition to parenthood. Drawing on interdisciplinary research, the paper synthesizes evidence indicating that fathers’ use of paternity leave is associated with higher marital satisfaction and greater relationship stability. These benefits are largely mediated by improvements in both maternal and paternal mental health, as paternity leave reduces role overload, stress, and symptoms of anxiety and depression for both partners. Additionally, increased time at home facilitates clearer communication, greater empathy, and more equitable divisions of childcare and household labor, which are consistently linked to stronger marital quality. By supporting fathers’ caregiving involvement and emotional well-being, paternity leave fosters healthier co-parenting dynamics and more resilient marital relationships. Overall, the literature highlights paternity leave as a critical yet underutilized policy tool for strengthening family relationships and promoting long-term relational and psychological well-being.

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