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Journal of Undergraduate Research

Keywords

air pollution, endothelial function, particulate matter, PM, mortality, cardiovascular disease

College

Family, Home, and Social Sciences

Department

Economics

Abstract

Exposure to elevated concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM) has been implicated as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Repeated long-term exposure to PM contributes to pulmonary and systemic oxidative stress, inflammation, atherosclerosis and increased risk of ischemic heart disease and death.1 Short-term elevated PM exposures and related inflammation may also contribute to acute complications of atherosclerosis by increasing the risk of atherosclerotic plaque rupture, acceleration of acute ischemic events and endothelial dysfunction. The endothelium is a layer of thin flat cells lining the interior surface of blood vessels and is directly involved with regulation of vascular processes. Our understanding of endothelial cell responses has led to the development of tests that are believed to reflect endothelial function. Given the central role of the endothelium in maintaining vascular homeostasis and the development of atherosclerosis, endothelial function testing may serve as a “barometer” 2 for cardiovascular health and risk. This study, in conjunction with a pilot study conducted by Dr. C. Arden Pope III which seeks to examine the potential effects of short-term fine particulate air pollution on endothelial function, reviews the growing literature to further evaluate endothelial function.

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