A Postmodernist Qualitative Research Approach: Choosing Between Descriptive and Interpretive Phenomenology

Keywords

descriptive phenomenology, interpretive phenomenology, phenomenology, nursing research, research methodology, qualitative research, lived experience, hermeneutics, martin heidegger, edmund husserl

Abstract

Introduction: Phenomenology is essential for researchers exploring human experience. To apply it rigorously, an understanding of its philosophical foundations is needed. This discussion outlines the key distinctions between interpretive and descriptive phenomenology to illustrate philosophical and methodological implications. Nursing researchers seeking to either uncover universal essences or interpret deeper, contextually situated meanings in lived experiences may find this discussion instructive.

Background: Phenomenology examines lived experiences, focusing on interpretation and meaning. The question of under-standing follows either an epistemological (descriptive) or ontological (interpretive) line of questioning. Husserl's descriptive approach seeks to objectively capture the essence of experiences through bracketing, while Heidegger's interpretive approach emphasizes co-constructed meaning, shaped by researcher and participant.

Data Sources: In phenomenological studies, researchers use various qualitative data types to uncover the essence of participants' lived experiences. Common methods include in-depth interviews, focus groups, and written narratives, along with artefacts likephotographs or journals, and audio-visual materials that capture personal reflections. Researchers may also use observations, field notes, and digital content, ensuring a comprehensive view of participants' perceptions and emotions.

Discussion: Descriptive phenomenology values authenticity through emphasis on objectivity, using methods like Giorgi's anal-ysis, while interpretive phenomenology values co-creation of meaning, employing Heidegger's hermeneutic circle for deeper contextual meaning. The choice of approach depends on the research aims.

Implications for Nursing: Descriptive phenomenology helps identify universal themes in patient care, whereas interpretivephenomenology uncovers significant subtle meanings in complex experiences. Nursing researchers should select approachesaligned with their study objectives.

Conclusion: Both methodologies offer valuable insights into nursing research. A clear understanding of their foundations helpsresearchers choose methods that best suit their research goals.

Original Publication Citation

Watson, A. (2024). A postmodernist qualitative research approach: Choosing between descriptive and interpretive phenomenology. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 0, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.16730

Document Type

Peer-Reviewed Article

Publication Date

2024-12-03

Publisher

Journal of Advanced Nursing; Wiley

Language

English

College

Nursing

University Standing at Time of Publication

Assistant Professor

Link to Full Text

Share

COinS