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Keywords

astrobiology, Blue Origin, CNSA, Earth, ESA, interplanetary age, Mars colonization, Mars City, Moon, Musk Elon, Musk City, multiplanet civilization, multiplanet species, NASA, space economics, space governance, space philosophy, space technology, SpaceX

Abstract

This research provides a comprehensive and interdisciplinary exploration of the transition toward a multiplanet civilization, with a special focus on Mars as humanity’s first major step beyond Earth. By addressing technological, political, economic, and ethical dimensions, it aims to inform policymakers, scientists, and the public about the feasibility, challenges, and philosophical implications of interplanetary expansion.

As humanity approaches the threshold of becoming a multiplanet civilization, it faces unprecedented scientific, technological, economic, and ethical challenges. This paper explores the rationale, methodologies, and critical considerations for establishing sustainable human settlements beyond Earth, with a particular focus on Mars. By analyzing advances in propulsion, habitat design, planetary terraforming, governance structures, and economic viability, this research outlines a roadmap for interplanetary expansion. The discussion integrates multidisciplinary perspectives from astrophysics, bioengineering, space law, and environmental ethics, providing an actionable framework for the transition toward a multiplanet species.

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